Introduction

Plastics pose a major environmental problem in the world because of their long degradation times and the fact that they pollute the environment. However, as a result of innovation and research, biodegradable alternatives now exist that allow for sustainable use of materials.

Biodegradable plastics

Biodegradable plastics are materials that naturally degrade and can be recycled back into nature. These materials are usually made from biopolymers that degrade through biological processes.

Plastics based on corn starch

Maize starch-based plastics are among the most widely used biodegradable alternatives. These materials are made from corn starch, which is biodegradable. These types of plastics are often used to make single-use products such as cutlery and packaging.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates are biopolymers produced by micro-organisms. These plastics are biodegradable and are transformed into organic materials that are broken down by microorganisms found in nature. PHAs have a wide range of uses, for example in the production of packaging materials, agricultural products and medical devices.

Polylactide (PLA)

Polylactide is a biopolymer produced from plant materials such as maize or sugar cane. This plastic is biodegradable and is converted into organic matter that is broken down by microorganisms found in nature. PLA is often used for food packaging and in the manufacture of single-use products.

Summary

Biodegradable alternatives to plastics enable sustainable use of materials and reduce environmental impacts. Corn starch-based plastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates and polylactide are some examples of these alternatives. The use of these types of plastics can contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development.

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